<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[L'ÉCLAIREUR: Le Coup de projecteur]]></title><description><![CDATA[Nous braquons un projo dans la face d'un sujet d'actualité jusqu'à ce qu'il avoue.]]></description><link>https://www.eclaireur.eu/s/le-coup-de-projecteur-de-leclaireur</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lY_X!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8e59fbad-1165-4e09-a30d-7573afe7d0a7_480x480.png</url><title>L&apos;ÉCLAIREUR: Le Coup de projecteur</title><link>https://www.eclaireur.eu/s/le-coup-de-projecteur-de-leclaireur</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 17:44:01 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://www.eclaireur.eu/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[L'Eclaireur - Alpes]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[fr]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[Eclaireur-RhoneAlpes@protonmail.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[Eclaireur-RhoneAlpes@protonmail.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[L'ÉCLAIREUR]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[L'ÉCLAIREUR]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[Eclaireur-RhoneAlpes@protonmail.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[Eclaireur-RhoneAlpes@protonmail.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[L'ÉCLAIREUR]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[[ Podcast ] European Digital Wallet: The Normalization of Systemic Risk]]></title><description><![CDATA[The European digital wallet fails to meet the security and privacy standards set by the very regulation that created it. Welcome to the land of the absurd.]]></description><link>https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/podcast-european-digital-wallet-the</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/podcast-european-digital-wallet-the</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Patricia Cerinsek]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 19 May 2026 16:39:31 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/198430256/d41aa462f953054458917ca17b7c518e.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t3fS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67beb423-1cdc-440d-8372-21391deba75b_800x533.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t3fS!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67beb423-1cdc-440d-8372-21391deba75b_800x533.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t3fS!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67beb423-1cdc-440d-8372-21391deba75b_800x533.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t3fS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67beb423-1cdc-440d-8372-21391deba75b_800x533.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t3fS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67beb423-1cdc-440d-8372-21391deba75b_800x533.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t3fS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67beb423-1cdc-440d-8372-21391deba75b_800x533.jpeg" width="800" height="533" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t3fS!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67beb423-1cdc-440d-8372-21391deba75b_800x533.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t3fS!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67beb423-1cdc-440d-8372-21391deba75b_800x533.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t3fS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67beb423-1cdc-440d-8372-21391deba75b_800x533.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t3fS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67beb423-1cdc-440d-8372-21391deba75b_800x533.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Jaap-Henk Hoepman</figcaption></figure></div><div class="pullquote"><p>Cryptographer <a href="https://www.cs.ru.nl/~jhh/">Jaap-Henk Hoepman</a>, a professor at Radboud University in the Netherlands, is one of <a href="https://github.com/eu-digital-identity-wallet/eudi-doc-architecture-and-reference-framework/issues/200">several hundred experts</a> who have been warning the European Commission since 2022 about the flaws in the European Digital Identity Wallet (EUDI Wallet). His verdict is damning: a system that is technically non-compliant with the very regulation it is supposed to implement, structurally dependent on Google and Apple, blind to the quantum threat, and carrying the risk of mass surveillance across half a billion citizens.</p></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.eclaireur.eu/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;S'abonner&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;fr&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">L&#8217;ECLAIREUR is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support our work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Tapez votre e-mail&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="S'abonner"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p></p><p>Scheduled for rollout by the European Commission before the end of 2026, the European Digital Identity Wallet &#8212; the EUDI Wallet &#8212; is billed as a major step toward the Old Continent&#8217;s digital sovereignty. The reality Jaap-Henk Hoepman describes is something else entirely: a rushed project, riddled with cryptographic gaps, whose current architecture fails to meet several requirements of the eIDAS 2.0 regulation, particularly on privacy.</p><h3>A regulation that betrays itself</h3><p>The original problem is structural: for the first time, a European regulation defined a technical artifact in legal language. The translation between these two laguages &#8212; law and engineering &#8212; broke down. Largely because the bureaucrats who drafted the regulation and are overseeing its implementation have little grasp of the technology.</p><p>The wallet&#8217;s technical specifications were developed in near-total isolation, with insufficient consultation of the academic community and NGOs. The European Parliament itself had little say over the architectural choices.</p><p>The crux of the problem is user traceability. In the initial version of the project, every identification left a cryptographic fingerprint unique to each user &#8212; a stable identifier that, by cross-referencing data from different verifiers, could reconstruct an individual&#8217;s digital activities. A mass surveillance mechanism by design, in direct violation of eIDAS 2.0 and the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union.</p><h3>The zero-knowledge proof battle</h3><p>Faced with repeated warnings from the cryptographic community &#8212; including Jaap-Henk Hoepman and Olivier Blazy, <a href="https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/europes-age-check-app-a-security">whom we interviewed previously</a> &#8212; the Commission attempted a workaround: rather than a single identifier, issue each user a booklet of single-use identifiers, replenishable on demand. The idea: present a different coupon each time to muddy the trail. Insufficient, says Hoepman. The issuer of those identifiers &#8212; the state &#8212; holds the full set, which preserves the possibility of centralized, sweeping surveillance.</p><p>A robust, battle-tested solution does exist: BBS+ signatures, grounded in zero-knowledge proofs. They allow a user to prove they possess an attribute &#8212; &#8220;I am over 18&#8221; &#8212; without ever revealing the underlying information (their date of birth), any identifier, or any traceable cryptographic footprint.</p><p>But this signature protocol has yet to make it onto the list of approved cryptographic standards. Institutions are conservative by nature: they only use what has been officially certified. Orange, a European company, developed a working BBS+ prototype for the EUDI &#8212; the European Commission did not bother to examine it.</p><h3>Digital sovereignty, sacrificed to Google and Apple</h3><p>The irony is brutal. One of the driving ambitions behind the EUDI project was precisely to prevent American tech giants &#8212; Apple and Google, which already issue digital driving licenses in the United States &#8212; from capturing Europe&#8217;s identity market.</p><p>Yet the current architecture requires, in countries such as Germany and the Netherlands, that the EUDI application be installed exclusively via the Google Play Store or Apple Store and run only on official Android or iOS devices. Using it on an alternative smartphone running GrapheneOS, CalyxOS, or /e/OS &#8212; the open Android variants designed specifically to protect privacy &#8212; is simply not possible. The dependency on hardware certification imposed by Google and Apple entrenches exactly the vassalage the project claimed to dismantle.</p><h3>The quantum gap</h3><p>The EUDI Wallet incorporates no post-quantum security, even as the U.S. NIST published its first quantum-resistant algorithms in 2024 and most global actors have begun their migration. Hoepman tempers the immediate alarm somewhat: for signatures (as opposed to encryption), keys are renewed every five to ten years &#8212; before a sufficiently powerful quantum computer could compromise them. Migration toward post-quantum security remains feasible, but it requires a political will to plan ahead that is currently nowhere in sight.</p><h3>The silent risk: function creep</h3><p>Even in the optimistic scenario of a fully secure, privacy-compliant system in line with eIDAS 2.0, what Hoepman calls <em>function creep</em> remains. An identity infrastructure as vast and encompassing as the EUDI Wallet will naturally become the mandatory gateway for everything and anything.</p><p>Age verification for digital platforms, already moving through the legislative pipeline, is only the first example. Marital status, financial standing, and any attribute that can technically be attested will follow. The wallet will centralize documents whose dispersal has, until now, served as a safeguard against abuse.</p><p>More subtly, the widespread adoption of officially certified proofs will put an end to the small liberties people currently take with the truth to protect their privacy. Today, one invents a false date of birth or a fake phone number to sign up for a service that has no genuine need for it. Tomorrow, that same service will be able to demand a certified proof &#8212; and all accredited services will be able to demand what they want, not merely what they need.</p><h3>Inevitable deployment, adoption by defau<strong>lt</strong></h3><p>On the question of EUDI adoption, Hoepman offers no illusions. The European wallet will replace existing national digital identity systems &#8212; DigiD in the Netherlands, for instance, used for tax administration. Usage will be effectively compulsory, much as holding a bank account is today: theoretically optional, practically unavoidable. Tech-savvy holdouts will always be able to turn to VPNs or alternative systems &#8212; but they will remain a vanishingly small minority.</p><p>The computer science professor does not advocate scrapping the project. He argues for a measured slowdown; for the mandatory &#8212; not optional &#8212; adoption of zero-knowledge proofs; for genuine independence from Big Tech&#8217;s proprietary ecosystems; and for a strict registry of the data each verifier is authorized to request. Safeguards that could have been built in from the start &#8212; and whose absence transforms a supposed sovereignty tool into a potential instrument of control.</p><p>Time is running out. Deployment is announced for end of 2026. And as Jaap-Henk Hoepman notes soberly in closing: <em>&#8220;There is no contingency plan. But it&#8217;s the same with digital payments.&#8221;</em> A normalization of systemic risk that, in matters of digital identity, sovereignty, and security, ought at the very least to warrant a democratic debate worthy of the name.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[[ Podcast ] Portefeuille numérique européen: la normalisation du risque systémique]]></title><description><![CDATA[Le portefeuille num&#233;rique europ&#233;en ne r&#233;pond pas aux exigences de s&#233;curit&#233; et de protection de la vie priv&#233;e pos&#233;es par le r&#232;glement europ&#233;en qui l'a rendu possible. Bienvenue en Absurdie.]]></description><link>https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/portefeuille-numerique-europeen-la</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/portefeuille-numerique-europeen-la</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Patricia Cerinsek]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 19 May 2026 15:26:17 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/198400607/10452f7c5b3f74d3dc571de5b9bc8b3c.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t3fS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67beb423-1cdc-440d-8372-21391deba75b_800x533.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t3fS!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67beb423-1cdc-440d-8372-21391deba75b_800x533.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t3fS!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67beb423-1cdc-440d-8372-21391deba75b_800x533.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t3fS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67beb423-1cdc-440d-8372-21391deba75b_800x533.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t3fS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67beb423-1cdc-440d-8372-21391deba75b_800x533.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t3fS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67beb423-1cdc-440d-8372-21391deba75b_800x533.jpeg" width="800" height="533" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t3fS!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67beb423-1cdc-440d-8372-21391deba75b_800x533.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t3fS!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67beb423-1cdc-440d-8372-21391deba75b_800x533.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t3fS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67beb423-1cdc-440d-8372-21391deba75b_800x533.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!t3fS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67beb423-1cdc-440d-8372-21391deba75b_800x533.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Jaap-Henk Hoepman</figcaption></figure></div><div class="pullquote"><p>Le cryptographe<a href="https://www.cs.ru.nl/~jhh/"> Jaap-Henk Hoepman,</a> professeur &#224; l'universit&#233; Radboud aux Pays-Bas, est l'un <a href="https://github.com/eu-digital-identity-wallet/eudi-doc-architecture-and-reference-framework/issues/200">parmi plusieurs centaines d'experts</a> qui alertent depuis 2022 la Commission europ&#233;enne sur les failles du portefeuille &#233;lectronique europ&#233;en (EUDI Wallet). Son diagnostic est s&#233;v&#232;re : un syst&#232;me techniquement pas conforme au r&#232;glement qu'il est cens&#233; appliquer, d&#233;pendant de Google et d'Apple, aveugle &#224; la menace quantique, et porteur d'un risque de surveillance de masse &#224; l'&#233;chelle d'un demi-milliard de citoyens.</p></div><p><em>Ce podcast est en anglais. Vous retrouverez ci-dessous la version condens&#233;e en fran&#231;ais sous forme d&#8217;article.</em></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.eclaireur.eu/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;S'abonner&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;fr&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Pour soutenir le travail de L&#8217;ECLAIREUR, choisissez votre abonnement, libre ou payant.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Tapez votre e-mail&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="S'abonner"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div><hr></div><p>Pr&#233;vu pour une distribution par la Commission europ&#233;enne d'ici fin 2026, le portefeuille d'identit&#233; num&#233;rique europ&#233;en &#8212; l'EUDI Wallet &#8212; est pr&#233;sent&#233; comme une avanc&#233;e majeure vers la souverainet&#233; num&#233;rique du Vieux continent. La r&#233;alit&#233; que d&#233;crit Jaap-Henk Hoepman est tout autre : un projet pr&#233;cipit&#233;, lacunaire sur le plan cryptographique, et dont l'architecture actuelle n&#8217;est pas conforme &#224; certaines des exigences du r&#232;glement <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52021PC0281">eIDAS 2.0</a>, notamment en mati&#232;re de protection de la vie priv&#233;e.</p><h3>Une r&#233;glementation qui se trahit elle-m&#234;me</h3><p>Le probl&#232;me originel est structurel : pour la premi&#232;re fois, un r&#232;glement europ&#233;en a d&#233;fini en langage juridique un artefact technique. La traduction entre ces deux idiomes &#8212; celui du droit et celui de l&#8217;ing&#233;nierie &#8212; s&#8217;est r&#233;v&#233;l&#233;e d&#233;faillante. Principalement parce que les bureaucrates qui ont r&#233;dig&#233; le r&#232;glement et qui sont en charge de sa mise en oeuvre n&#8217;entendent rien &#224; la technologie. </p><p>Les sp&#233;cifications techniques du portefeuille &#233;lectronique ont &#233;t&#233; d&#233;velopp&#233;es quasi en vase clos, avec une consultation insuffisante de la communaut&#233; universitaire et des ONG. Le Parlement europ&#233;en lui-m&#234;me n&#8217;a eu que peu de prise sur les choix d&#8217;architecture.</p><p>Le n&#339;ud du probl&#232;me porte sur la tra&#231;abilit&#233; des utilisateurs. Dans la version initiale du projet, chaque identification laissait la m&#234;me empreinte cryptographique unique &#224; chaque utilisateur &#8212; un identifiant stable qui permettait, en croisant les donn&#233;es des diff&#233;rents v&#233;rificateurs, de reconstituer les activit&#233;s num&#233;riques d&#8217;un individu. Un m&#233;canisme de surveillance de masse <em>by design </em>- &#224; dessein - en violation directe du eIDAS 2.0  et de la jurisprudence de la Cour de justice de l&#8217;Union europ&#233;enne.</p><h3>La bataille des preuves &#224; divulgation nulle</h3><p>Face aux alertes r&#233;p&#233;t&#233;es de la communaut&#233; cryptographique &#8212; dont Jaap-Henk Hoepman fait partie, mais &#233;galement <a href="https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/cette-application-de-verification">Olivier Blazy que nous avons interview&#233;</a> &#8212; la Commission a tent&#233; d&#8217;esquisser une parade : plut&#244;t qu&#8217;un seul identifiant, d&#233;livrer &#224; chaque utilisateur un carnet d&#8217;identifiants &#224; usage unique, rechargeable. L&#8217;id&#233;e : pr&#233;senter chaque fois un identifiant diff&#233;rent pour brouiller les pistes. Insuffisant, juge Hoepman : l&#8217;&#233;metteur de ces identifiants, l&#8217;Etat, en conna&#238;t la totalit&#233;, ce qui maintient la possibilit&#233; de surveillance centralis&#233;e et g&#233;n&#233;ralis&#233;e.</p><p>Une solution robuste et &#233;prouv&#233;e existe pourtant : les signatures BBS+, fond&#233;es sur les preuves &#224; divulgation nulle de connaissance (<em>zero-knowledge proofs<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a></em>). Elles permettent de prouver qu&#8217;on poss&#232;de un attribut &#8212; &#171; j&#8217;ai plus de 18 ans &#187; &#8212; sans jamais r&#233;v&#233;ler l&#8217;information elle-m&#234;me (sa date de naissance) ni aucun identifiant ni empreinte cryptographique tra&#231;able, y compris dans les m&#233;tadonn&#233;es. </p><p>Mais le BBS+ ne figure pas encore sur la liste des standards cryptographiques approuv&#233;s. Les institutions sont conservatrices par nature : elles n&#8217;utilisent que ce qui est officiellement homologu&#233;. Orange, entreprise europ&#233;enne, a par exemple<a href="https://github.com/Orange-OpenSource/BBS-SHARP-doc-eudi-wallet"> d&#233;velopp&#233; un prototype de mise en &#339;uvre BBS+ pour l&#8217;EUDI</a> &#8212; la Commission europ&#233;enne n&#8217;a pas daign&#233; l&#8217;examiner.</p><h3>La souverainet&#233; num&#233;rique, sacrifi&#233;e &#224; Google et Apple</h3><p>L&#8217;ironie est cruelle : l&#8217;un des moteurs du projet EUDI &#233;tait pr&#233;cis&#233;ment d&#8217;&#233;viter que des g&#233;ants priv&#233;s am&#233;ricains &#8212; Apple et Google, qui &#233;mettent d&#233;j&#224; des permis de conduire num&#233;riques aux &#201;tats-Unis &#8212; ne s&#8217;emparent du march&#233; de l&#8217;identit&#233; en Europe. </p><p>Or l&#8217;architecture actuelle impose, dans des pays comme l&#8217;Allemagne et les Pays-Bas, que l&#8217;application du EUDI soit install&#233;e exclusivement via le Google Play Store et le Apple Store, et ne fonctionne que sur des terminaux Android ou iOS officiels. Impossible, donc, de l&#8217;utiliser sur un smartphone alternatif tournant sous GrapheneOS, CalyxOS ou /e/OS &#8212; ces versions ouvertes d&#8217;Android qui pr&#233;servent pr&#233;cis&#233;ment la vie priv&#233;e. La d&#233;pendance &#224; la certification mat&#233;rielle impos&#233;e par Google  et Apple renforce la vassalit&#233; que le projet pr&#233;tendait abolir.</p><h3>La faille quantique</h3><p>EUDI Wallet n'int&#232;gre pas de s&#233;curit&#233; post-quantique, alors que le <a href="https://www.nist.gov">NIST</a> am&#233;ricain a publi&#233; les premiers algorithmes r&#233;sistants aux attaques par des ordinateurs quantiques d&#232;s 2024, et que la majorit&#233; des acteurs ont entam&#233; leur migration. Hoepman relativise n&#233;anmoins l'urgence imm&#233;diate : pour les signatures (par opposition au chiffrement), les cl&#233;s sont renouvel&#233;es tous les cinq &#224; dix ans &#8212; avant qu'un ordinateur quantique suffisamment puissant ne puisse les compromettre. La migration vers une s&#233;curit&#233; post-quantique reste possible, mais elle suppose une volont&#233; politique d'anticipation qui fait aujourd'hui d&#233;faut.</p><h3>Le risque silencieux : la d&#233;rive des usages</h3><p>M&#234;me dans l&#8217;hypoth&#232;se optimiste d&#8217;un syst&#232;me enti&#232;rement s&#233;curis&#233; et respectueux de la vie priv&#233;e conforme au r&#232;glement eIDAS 2.0 , subsiste ce que Hoepman nomme le <em>function creep</em> &#8212; la d&#233;rive fonctionnelle. Une infrastructure d&#8217;identit&#233; aussi large et englobante que l&#8217;EUDI Wallet deviendra naturellement le passage oblig&#233; pour tout et n&#8217;importe quoi. </p><p>La v&#233;rification d&#8217;&#226;ge pour les plateformes num&#233;riques, d&#233;j&#224; dans les tuyaux l&#233;gislatifs, n&#8217;en est que le premier exemple. Viendront ensuite la situation familiale, la situation financi&#232;re, et tout attribut qu&#8217;il est techniquement possible d&#8217;attester. Le portefeuille centralisera des documents dont la dispersion constituait jusqu&#8217;ici une protection contre les abus.</p><p>Plus subtilement, la g&#233;n&#233;ralisation de ces preuves officiellement certifi&#233;es mettra fin aux petits arrangements que chacun pratique avec la v&#233;rit&#233; afin de prot&#233;ger sa vie priv&#233;e. Aujourd&#8217;hui, on invente une fausse date de naissance, un faux num&#233;ro de t&#233;l&#233;phone pour s&#8217;inscrire &#224; un service qui n&#8217;a pas besoin de ces informations. Demain, ce m&#234;me service pourra exiger une preuve certifi&#233;e, et tous les services agr&#233;&#233;s pourront exiger ce qu&#8217;il veulent, pas seulement ce dont ils ont besoin. </p><h3>Un d&#233;ploiement in&#233;vitable, une adoption par d&#233;faut</h3><p>&#192; la question de l&#8217;adoption du EUDI, Hoepman ne laisse gu&#232;re d&#8217;illusions. Le portefeuille europ&#233;en remplacera les syst&#232;mes d&#8217;identit&#233; num&#233;rique nationaux d&#233;j&#224; en place &#8212; DigiD aux Pays-Bas, par exemple, utilis&#233; pour les d&#233;marches fiscales, ou France Identit&#233; chez nous. L&#8217;usage sera de fait contraint, comme l&#8217;est aujourd&#8217;hui la possession d&#8217;un compte bancaire : th&#233;oriquement facultatif, pratiquement incontournable. Les r&#233;sistants technophiles pourront toujours se tourner vers les VPN durs ou les syst&#232;mes alternatifs &#8212; mais ils resteront une minorit&#233;.</p><p>Jaap-Henk Hoepman ne pr&#244;ne pas l&#8217;abandon du projet. Il plaide pour son ralentissement raisonn&#233;, pour l&#8217;adoption obligatoire &#8212; et non optionnelle &#8212; des preuves zero-knowledge, pour une ind&#233;pendance r&#233;elle vis-&#224;-vis des &#233;cosyst&#232;mes propri&#233;taires des Gafam, et pour un registre strict des donn&#233;es que chaque v&#233;rificateur est autoris&#233; &#224; demander. Ces garde-fous auraient dus &#234;tre int&#233;gr&#233;s d&#232;s le d&#233;part. Et dont l&#8217;absence transforme un pr&#233;tendu outil de souverainet&#233; en instrument potentiel de contr&#244;le.</p><p>L&#8217;heure tourne. Le d&#233;ploiement est annonc&#233; pour fin 2026. Et comme le note sobrement Jaap-Henk Hoepman : <em>&#171; Il n&#8217;y a aucun plan de contingence. Mais c&#8217;est la m&#234;me chose avec les paiements num&#233;riques. &#187;</em> Une normalisation du risque syst&#233;mique qui, en mati&#232;re d&#8217;identit&#233; num&#233;rique, de souverainet&#233; et de s&#233;curit&#233;, devrait au moins m&#233;riter un d&#233;bat d&#233;mocratique digne de ce nom.</p><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="#footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Une zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) permet &#224; une personne (le prouveur) de d&#233;montrer &#224; une autre personne (le v&#233;rificateur) qu&#8217;elle poss&#232;de une information secr&#232;te (nom, sa date de naissance, son num&#233;ro de s&#233;curit&#233; sociale etc.) sans r&#233;v&#233;ler cette information elle-m&#234;me. En d&#8217;autres termes : on prouve qu&#8217;on d&#233;tient  une information - j&#8217;ai plus de 18 ans -  sans r&#233;v&#233;ler sa date de naissance.</p><p></p></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[A-t-on encore besoin d'un pilote dans l'avion de chasse? ]]></title><description><![CDATA[Regardez maintenant (36 minutes) | Scaf, drones, IA, second porte-avions: nos dirigeants politiques et ceux de l'industrie de l'armement savent-ils ce qu'ils font? Nous en parlons avec l'ancien directeur scientifique d'Airbus/EADS.]]></description><link>https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/a-t-on-encore-besoin-dun-pilote-dans</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/a-t-on-encore-besoin-dun-pilote-dans</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Pascal Clérotte]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 30 Apr 2026 11:57:51 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/195882746/fceefd80e7553daf1fa5eb3aa14d535d.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Jean-Fran&#231;ois Geneste dit des choses qui ne vont pas plaire &#224; tout le monde. Il jette un regard cru sur les errements de la politique industrielle en mati&#232;re de d&#233;fense depuis vingt ans. </p><p>En France, souffrirait-on toujours du syndrome aigu&#235; de la ligne Maginot? Avons-nous une fois de plus une guerre de retard? </p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.eclaireur.eu/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;S'abonner&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;fr&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Pour soutenir le travail de L&#8217;ECLAIREUR,  choisissez votre abonnement, libre ou payant.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Tapez votre e-mail&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="S'abonner"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Le Scaf, une id&#233;e originellement de Dassault, &#233;tait d&#233;j&#224; obsol&#232;te au moment de sa conception sur le papier. Pourquoi persev&#233;rer dans l&#8217;erreur?</p><p>Le second porte-avion fran&#231;ais? Une chim&#232;re &#224; 15 milliards d&#8217;euros, une baignoire flottante qui rel&#232;ve plus de la mentalit&#233; imp&#233;rialiste et n&#233;ocoloniale de notre classe politique et de nos &#233;tats-majors que d&#8217;une volont&#233; d&#8217;efficacit&#233; militaire: un porte-avions ne vaut que contre des adversaires faibles ne disposant pas de d&#233;fense anti-a&#233;rienne moderne ni des moyens de le couler.</p><p>Les drones? Nous avons compl&#232;tement rat&#233; le coche parce qu&#8217;on a refus&#233; de comprendre que le vecteur importe plus que la charge utile, qui ne vaut rien sans vecteur la d&#233;livrant. Logique nous direz-vous, mais la logique ne semble pas pr&#233;sider aux choix industriels. M&#234;me chose pour nos capacit&#233;s en mati&#232;re de missiles. </p><p>Et surtout, une absence de pens&#233;e strat&#233;gique, &#224; commencer par la compr&#233;hension de qui sont nos ennemis, au sens de ceux qui pourrait s&#8217;en prendre &#224; notre territoire national. On peine &#224; s&#233;rier quel Etat ambitionnerait de s&#8217;attaquer &#224; nous, alors que la France est dans l&#8217;incapacit&#233; de contr&#244;ler son domaine maritime, le deuxi&#232;me plus vaste au monde. </p><p>Et puis il y a un secteur compl&#233;ment pass&#233; sous silence, celui des ballons dirigeables. Non, ce n&#8217;est pas du &#8220;Steam Punk&#8221;, c&#8217;est extr&#234;mement s&#233;rieux vu leur charge utile, comprendre le poids qu&#8217;ils sont capables de transporter, tr&#232;s sup&#233;rieur &#224; ceux des avions gros porteurs, pour un coup moindre et une autonomie in&#233;gal&#233;e .</p><p>Jean-Fran&#231;ois Geneste est dipl&#244;m&#233; de l&#8217;&#201;cole Nationale Sup&#233;rieure d'Ing&#233;nieurs de Constructions A&#233;ronautiques (ENSICA, aujourd'hui ISAE-SUPAERO). Il a effectu&#233; toute sa carri&#232;re dans l&#8217;a&#233;rospatiale, chez Matra puis chez EADS/Airbus. Il dirige aujourd&#8217;hui une start-up con&#231;ue comme une plateforme de recherche, la <a href="https://www.warpa.net">WARPA</a> (World Advanced Research Project Agency), mani&#232;re de clin d&#8217;oeil malicieux &#224; la Darpa am&#233;ricaine. </p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Europe’s Age-Check App: A Security Trainwreck in Slow Motion]]></title><description><![CDATA[For Olivier Blazy, professor at &#201;cole Polytechnique and cybersecurity expert, the application proposed by the European Commission is, quite simply, beyond comprehension.]]></description><link>https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/europes-age-check-app-a-security</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/europes-age-check-app-a-security</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Patricia Cerinsek]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 14:46:43 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/195244471/f12909bf892fbba42b739d67a89a7bd3.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>As new security flaws are exposed on a daily basis, and as several hundred scientists and cybersecurity experts from around the world signed an open letter in early March demanding a moratorium on these systems &#8212; which they consider a serious threat to privacy &#8212; one question demands an answer: what is the actual purpose of the age-verification application proposed by the European Commission, which is, in plain terms, nothing less than an identity check?</p><p>Should we read this as yet another brick in the wall of mass surveillance that dares not speak its name, at a time when countries across the globe are rolling out comparable systems? And yet, as Olivier Blazy points out, the technical solution could hardly be simpler: &#8220;all you need to do is ask the internet service provider for the connection data.&#8221;</p><p>Shoddy work. Improvisation. Nothing holds up in this app, built to Brussels&#8217; specifications. For the cybersecurity specialist and professor at the &#201;cole Polytechnique in Paris, the choice of this technical approach &#8212; one that countries like France and Germany are viewing with considerable scepticism, with France actively developing its own sovereign alternative &#8212; is deeply questionable.</p><p>&#8220;Digital identity, done properly, can be genuinely useful to people &#8212; but not this,&#8221; Olivier Blazy states bluntly. &#8220;This age-verification application, as conceived, makes no sense whatsoever.&#8221;</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.eclaireur.eu/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;S'abonner&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;fr&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">L&#8217;ECLAIREUR is reader-supported. To support our work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Tapez votre e-mail&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="S'abonner"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Below is the podcast&#8217;s summary in English.</p>
      <p>
          <a href="https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/europes-age-check-app-a-security">
              Read more
          </a>
      </p>
   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA["Cette application de vérification de l'âge, telle qu'elle a été conçue, n'a aucun sens"]]></title><description><![CDATA[Pour Olivier Blazy, professeur &#224; Polytechnique et expert en cybers&#233;curit&#233;, l'appli propos&#233;e par la Commission europ&#233;enne est tout simplement incompr&#233;hensible.]]></description><link>https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/cette-application-de-verification</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/cette-application-de-verification</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Patricia Cerinsek]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 13:07:16 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/195215783/7ccadf60e8e716bb709c5a2af8c01fe0.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Alors que des failles dans son dispositif de s&#233;curit&#233; sont r&#233;v&#233;l&#233;es chaque jour qui passe, que plusieurs centaines de scientifiques et experts en cybers&#233;curit&#233; du monde entier ont sign&#233; d&#233;but mars une lettre ouverte dans laquelle ils r&#233;clament un moratoire sur ces dispositifs qu&#8217;ils jugent dangereux pour la vie priv&#233;e, une question se pose : quelle est la finalit&#233; de l&#8217;application de v&#233;rification par l&#8217;&#226;ge, qui n&#8217;est qu&#8217;un contr&#244;le d&#8217;identit&#233;, propos&#233;e par la Commission europ&#233;enne ? </p><p>Faut-il y voir une brique de plus dans une surveillance de masse qui ne dit pas son nom, de nombreux pays de par le monde d&#233;ployant des syst&#232;mes analogues ? Il y a pourtant plus simple pour contr&#244;ler, nous dit Olivier Blazy : &#8220;il suffit de demander au fournisseur d&#8217;acc&#232;s les informations de connexion&#8221;.</p><p>Bricolage ? Improvisation ? Rien ne va dans cette appli con&#231;ue &#224; la demande de Bruxelles&#8221;. Pour le sp&#233;cialiste en cybers&#233;curit&#233; et professeur &#224; l&#8217;&#233;cole Polytechnique &#224; Paris, le choix de cette solution technique, sur laquelle des pays comme la France ou l&#8217;Allemagne sont particuli&#232;rement r&#233;serv&#233;s - la France travaille &#224; une application souveraine - est &#233;minemment discutable.</p><p>&#8220;L&#8217;identit&#233; num&#233;rique bien faite pourra vraiment &#234;tre utile aux gens, mais pas &#231;a !&#8221; souligne Olivier Blazy. &#8220;Cette application de v&#233;rification par l&#8217;&#226;ge telle qu&#8217;elle a &#233;t&#233; con&#231;ue n&#8217;a aucun sens&#8221;. </p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.eclaireur.eu/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;S'abonner&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;fr&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">L'Eclaireur est une lettre confidentielle par abonnement. Pour soutenir notre travail, choisissez le v&#244;tre, libre ou payant.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Tapez votre e-mail&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="S'abonner"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p><strong>A lire &#233;galement :</strong></p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;1bca904b-1b71-473d-95cc-523334cf756c&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;V&#233;rification d&#8217;&#226;ge en ligne : Ursula von der Leyen annonce le lancement d&#8217;une application universelle et anonyme, nous dit-on. Cette solution europ&#233;enne (hip hip hip hourra) vise &#224; restreindre l&#8217;acc&#232;s des mineurs aux contenus sensibles en ligne, ce via un outil, bas&#233; sur la preuve &#224; divulgation nulle de connaissance - la ZK proof,&#8230;&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:&quot;Read full story&quot;,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;md&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Apr&#232;s le pass sanitaire, le pass num&#233;rique&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:26122512,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Patricia Cerinsek&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Journaliste &quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d18fb816-7178-4b24-bbc8-62c171082016_424x424.jpeg&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:100}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-04-17T05:02:06.146Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Muda!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0aabcb5-df90-4e20-a03b-6cff1fd77170_799x533.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/apres-le-pass-sanitaire-le-pass-numerique&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:&quot;La Lettre confidentielle&quot;,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:194402530,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:9,&quot;comment_count&quot;:5,&quot;publication_id&quot;:347021,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;L'&#201;CLAIREUR&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lY_X!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8e59fbad-1165-4e09-a30d-7573afe7d0a7_480x480.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;001a88ca-da9d-40a9-a5f8-04a479587815&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Fran&#231;ois Saint-Pierre a &#233;t&#233; un des avocats du journal Le Monde dans l&#8217;affaire des fadettes notamment, d&#8217;Air France dans le proc&#232;s du crash du vol Rio-Paris. Il est &#233;galement l&#8217;avocat des &#233;poux Villemin dans l&#8217;affaire du &#8220;petit Gr&#233;gory&#8221;. Aux Deux Alpes, il&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:&quot;Listen now&quot;,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;md&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;\&quot;La derni&#232;re loi qui emploie le mot \&quot;libert&#233;\&quot; date de 2016, depuis ce n'est que sanctions et r&#233;pression\&quot;&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:26122512,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Patricia Cerinsek&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Journaliste &quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d18fb816-7178-4b24-bbc8-62c171082016_424x424.jpeg&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:100}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-01-28T15:11:15.344Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substack-video.s3.amazonaws.com/video_upload/post/186078080/d3ea6b2f-8c67-4ff2-b539-c328ac8c218d/transcoded-1769612998.png&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/la-derniere-loi-qui-emploie-le-mot&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:&quot;Le Coup de projecteur&quot;,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:186078080,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;podcast&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:13,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:347021,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;L'&#201;CLAIREUR&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lY_X!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8e59fbad-1165-4e09-a30d-7573afe7d0a7_480x480.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Scott Horton: "Pas de destitution de Trump au motif de l'Iran parce que les deux partis veulent pouvoir faire la guerre"]]></title><description><![CDATA[Trump et la guerre avec l'Iran, les retomb&#233;es &#233;lectorales de ce d&#233;sastre, et ce qu'est le libertarianisme am&#233;ricain. L'ECLAIREUR en parle (en anglais) avec cette figure de proue du libertarianisme.]]></description><link>https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/scott-horton-pas-de-destitution-de</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/scott-horton-pas-de-destitution-de</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Pascal Clérotte]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 04 Apr 2026 09:41:55 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/192951122/920246e76949a3f6f016f3e291ed64f3.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rdc6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ef5c0d0-046b-489b-a23b-aeb5b605e609_608x392.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rdc6!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ef5c0d0-046b-489b-a23b-aeb5b605e609_608x392.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rdc6!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ef5c0d0-046b-489b-a23b-aeb5b605e609_608x392.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rdc6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ef5c0d0-046b-489b-a23b-aeb5b605e609_608x392.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rdc6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ef5c0d0-046b-489b-a23b-aeb5b605e609_608x392.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rdc6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ef5c0d0-046b-489b-a23b-aeb5b605e609_608x392.png" width="728" height="469.36842105263156" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2ef5c0d0-046b-489b-a23b-aeb5b605e609_608x392.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:392,&quot;width&quot;:608,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:728,&quot;bytes&quot;:211190,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rdc6!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ef5c0d0-046b-489b-a23b-aeb5b605e609_608x392.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rdc6!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ef5c0d0-046b-489b-a23b-aeb5b605e609_608x392.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rdc6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ef5c0d0-046b-489b-a23b-aeb5b605e609_608x392.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rdc6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ef5c0d0-046b-489b-a23b-aeb5b605e609_608x392.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Scott Horton. Source: Scott Horton Academy</figcaption></figure></div><p>Scott Horton est un intellectuel, un homme de radio et un auteur r&#233;put&#233; pour sa critique particuli&#232;rement charpent&#233;e de la politique &#233;trang&#232;re am&#233;ricaine. Il est &#233;galement le directeur du <a href="https://libertarianinstitute.org">Libertarian Institute</a> et anime la <a href="https://scotthortonacademy.com">Scott Horton Academy</a>, un centre de ressources &#233;ducatives sur les relations internationales.</p><p>Nous vous conseillons deux de ses ouvrages, malheureusement pas (encore) disponibles en fran&#231;ais:</p><p><a href="https://www.amazon.fr/Enough-Already-Time-End-Terrorism/dp/1733647341/ref=books_amazonstores_desktop_mfs_aufs_ap_sc_dsk_0?_encoding=UTF8&amp;pd_rd_w=Iwe7N&amp;content-id=amzn1.sym.7741bfb3-2035-4225-8f91-65e1edbde262&amp;pf_rd_p=7741bfb3-2035-4225-8f91-65e1edbde262&amp;pf_rd_r=523-8850423-4886639&amp;pd_rd_wg=eXVPn&amp;pd_rd_r=b329b833-fd34-4be0-bedc-0ae88fdb8a62">Enough Already: Time to End the War on Terrorism</a> (&#199;a suffit: il est temps de mettre un terme la guerre contre le terrorisme). Libertarian Institute, 2021.</p><p><a href="https://www.amazon.fr/Provoked-Washington-Started-Catastrophe-Ukraine-ebook/dp/B0DNB8ZX3L?ref_=ast_author_dp&amp;th=1&amp;psc=1">Provoked: How Washington Started the New Cold War With Russia and the Catastrophe in Ukraine </a>(Provocation: comment Washington est responsable de la nouvelle guerre froide contre la Russie et de la catastrophe ukrainienne). Libertarian Institute, 2024.</p><p>Vous pouvez retrouver Scott Horton dans deux podcasts:</p><ul><li><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/@scotthortonshow">The Scott Horton Show</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/@Provoked_Show">Provoked</a>, avec Darryl Cooper</p></li></ul><p>Nous nous excusons pour les petits probl&#232;mes de son, ind&#233;pendants de notre volont&#233;.</p><p>Ci-apr&#232;s, un condens&#233; en fran&#231;ais de ce long entretien.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.eclaireur.eu/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;S'abonner&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;fr&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Pour soutenir le travail de L&#8217;ECLAIREUR, choisissez votre abonnement, libre ou payant.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Tapez votre e-mail&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="S'abonner"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p></p><div><hr></div><h4>La guerre contre l&#8217;Iran : un pi&#232;ge annonc&#233;</h4><p>&#8220;Le discours de Trump le 1er avril offrait au moins une maigre consolation : pas d&#8217;annonce d&#8217;une escalade terrestre massive, ce sc&#233;nario hollywoodien absurde o&#249; l&#8217;on parachuterait Delta Force et Navy SEALs au c&#339;ur d&#8217;Ispahan pour y rafler les stocks d&#8217;hexafluorure d&#8217;uranium, construire une piste d&#8217;atterrissage improvis&#233;e en plein d&#233;sert et d&#233;terrer des ogives &#224; la foreuse &#8212; le tout &#224; port&#233;e d&#8217;une m&#233;tropole de plusieurs millions d&#8217;habitants, dans un pays de cent millions d&#8217;&#226;mes grand comme deux fois et demi le Texas.&#8221; </p><p>&#8220;Le Pentagone a mis d&#8217;ailleurs Trump en garde. Deux jours avant le d&#233;clenchement des hostilit&#233;s, le chef d&#8217;&#233;tat-major interarm&#233;es alertait dans les colonnes du <em>Wall Street Journal</em> : l&#8217;Iran poss&#232;de plus de missiles offensifs que les &#201;tats-Unis n&#8217;ont de munitions pour leurs syst&#232;mes de d&#233;fense. La suite n&#8217;a fait que confirmer ce sombre pronostic. Toutes les bases am&#233;ricaines du Golfe ont essuy&#233; des frappes. Abu Dhabi et Duba&#239; ressemblent d&#233;sormais &#224; des villes fant&#244;mes. Les raffineries br&#251;lent, les ports sont paralys&#233;s, et la Ve flotte am&#233;ricaine stationn&#233;e &#224; Bahre&#239;n est de fait hors de combat.&#8221;</p><h4>Le pi&#232;ge des choix publics</h4><p>&#8220;La mauvaise nouvelle, c&#8217;est que Trump se retrouve pi&#233;g&#233; dans ce que les libertariens appellent la th&#233;orie des choix publics. Principe &#233;l&#233;mentaire : les d&#233;cisions collectives sont toujours prises par des individus mus par leurs propres int&#233;r&#234;ts. Un fonctionnaire n&#8217;oublie pas son ambition personelle en entrant en fonction ; un pr&#233;sident ne d&#233;pose pas son ego au vestiaire avant sa prise de fonction.&#8221; </p><p>&#8220;Trump est devenu le Joe Biden de cette guerre : il l&#8217;a provoqu&#233;e, il ne sait plus comment l&#8217;arr&#234;ter, et il doit d&#233;sormais inventer une sortie qui sauve les apparences. C&#8217;est le syndrome Nixon revisit&#233; &#8212; &#171; la paix dans l&#8217;honneur &#187; au milieu du bourbier vietnamien. Sauf que Trump ne peut pas se permettre de dire simplement &#171; on a &#233;chou&#233;, on rentre &#187;. Il lui faut une victoire, ou au minimum l&#8217;illusion d&#8217;une victoire. Sinon, il reste, s&#8217;enfonce, et double la mise.&#8221; </p><p>&#8220;Comme en Afghanistan pendant vingt ans. Comme en Ukraine, o&#249; l&#8217;on nous vendait la &#171; deuxi&#232;me arm&#233;e du monde &#187; &#8212; et o&#249; l&#8217;on a d&#233;couvert, en effet, qu&#8217;elle &#233;tait bien la deuxi&#232;me&#8230; derri&#232;re l&#8217;arm&#233;e Russe.&#8221;</p><h4>Comment Trump a bascul&#233;</h4><p>&#8220;La question centrale reste : qu&#8217;est-ce qui a fait passer Trump du discours du &#171; pr&#233;sident de la paix &#187; &#224; une guerre totale contre l&#8217;Iran ? La r&#233;ponse tient en un mot : la flatterie. Isra&#235;l a parfaitement jou&#233; le jeu. On peut parier sans grand risque qu&#8217;il existe, quelque part dans les services isra&#233;liens, un m&#233;mo intitul&#233; &#8220;Comment manipuler Donald Trump en moins de trente minutes&#8221;. Conclusion : le flatter outranci&#232;rement.&#8221;</p><p>&#8220;On lui a murmur&#233; : oubliez George Washington, oubliez Abraham Lincoln. Si vous agissez, vous entrerez dans l&#8217;Histoire comme une figure biblique. Vous serez le Cyrus des temps modernes, le lib&#233;rateur et sauveur du peuple juif. Franklin Roosevelt a laiss&#233; l&#8217;Holocauste advenir par inaction ; vous, vous pouvez l&#8217;emp&#234;cher. Votre nom r&#233;sonnera &#224; travers les mill&#233;naires. Et, accessoirement, vous &#234;tes magnifique. Trump, flatt&#233; : &#171; Vraiment ? Et tout ce que j&#8217;ai &#224; faire, c&#8217;est d&#233;clencher cette guerre ? &#187;&#8221;</p><p>&#8220;Ce n&#8217;est pas une caricature. Trump l&#8217;a lui-m&#234;me admis lors d&#8217;un &#233;v&#233;nement priv&#233;, film&#233; et diffus&#233; : &#171; Si on me flatte assez, je fais ce qu&#8217;on veut, m&#234;me si ce sont de mauvaises choses. &#187; Parole d&#8217;&#233;vangile. Lindsey Graham le sait. Netanyahu le sait. Jared Kushner, s&#233;ide du Likoud et gendre omnipr&#233;sent, n&#8217;a pas manqu&#233; de lui rappeler la grandeur de sa mission &#171; civilisatrice &#187;.&#8221;</p><h4><strong>L&#8217;illusion de puissance </strong></h4><p>&#8220;Ce conflit a mis &#224; nu une v&#233;rit&#233; brutale : les bases am&#233;ricaines du Golfe n&#8217;&#233;taient qu&#8217;un hologramme de puissance, une projection sans substance r&#233;elle. L&#8217;Iran a mis &#224; jour ce bluff. De Erbil &#224; Oman, chaque installation am&#233;ricaine a &#233;t&#233; touch&#233;e. Le Qatar a refus&#233; l&#8217;usage de la base a&#233;rienne d&#8217;Al-Udeid pour des op&#233;rations offensives. Cette bases sont toujours l&#224;, intacte&#8230; et inutile, puisque les forces am&#233;ricaines ne peut les employer.&#8221;</p><p>&#8220;R&#233;sultat ? Certaines monarchies du Golfe entament d&#233;j&#224;, par canaux discrets, des n&#233;gociations directes avec T&#233;h&#233;ran. Le message est limpide : &#171; On pousse les Am&#233;ricains dehors du Golfe, on participe aux r&#233;parations que vous exigez &#8212; mais cessez les frappes. &#187;&#8221; </p><p>&#8220;Voil&#224; o&#249; en est le fameux &#171; pivot strat&#233;gique &#187; am&#233;ricain au Moyen-Orient.&#8221;</p><h4><strong>La seule issue honorable</strong></h4><p>&#8220;Que peut faire Trump pour sortir de ce bourbier ? Une seule chose : partir. D&#233;clarer la victoire, faire d&#233;coller les avions, appareiller les navires vers l&#8217;ouest, et ne plus jamais en reparler.&#8221;</p><p>&#8220;Le probl&#232;me, c&#8217;est que l&#8217;Iran ne lui facilitera pas la t&#226;che. T&#233;h&#233;ran a clairement indiqu&#233; que cette guerre se poursuivrait jusqu&#8217;&#224; ce que l&#8217;Am&#233;rique comprenne qu&#8217;elle ne doit plus jamais s&#8217;attaquer &#224; l&#8217;Iran. C&#8217;est le m&#234;me message qu&#8217;en 1980, quand Jimmy Carter avait donn&#233; le feu vert &#224; Saddam Hussein pour envahir l&#8217;Iran : le r&#233;gime des mollahs, alors fragile, en est sorti renforc&#233;, soud&#233; par la menace ext&#233;rieure, et a tenu ferme neuf ans de guerre. L&#8217;Iran avait repris tout son territoire d&#232;s 1982, puis a continu&#233; &#8212; non par n&#233;cessit&#233;, mais par choix.&#8221;</p><p>&#8220;En frappant le vieil ayatollah Khamenei&#8212; celui-l&#224; m&#234;me qui invoquait la loi sacr&#233;e pour interdire les armes de destruction massive &#8212;, Trump a probablement port&#233; au pouvoir des nationalistes plus radicaux encore, pour qui l&#8217;arme nucl&#233;aire n&#8217;est plus un tabou religieux mais une exigence strat&#233;gique. Ironie cruelle : il a fourni &#224; l&#8217;Iran toutes les raisons de se doter de la bombe, tout en d&#233;truisant certaines installations, la freinant temporairement. On ne bombarde pas le savoir-faire. On ne bombarde pas les cerveaux des ing&#233;nieurs.&#8221;</p><h4>L&#8217;accord de 2015 d&#233;nonc&#233;</h4><p>&#8220;L&#8217;accord de 2015 &#233;tait imparfait, mais il fonctionnait : il avait r&#233;duit le programme nucl&#233;aire iranien, renforc&#233; les inspections et, point d&#233;cisif, introduit un m&#233;canisme de vote &#224; la majorit&#233; simple au Conseil de s&#233;curit&#233;, permettant aux &#201;tats-Unis de d&#233;clencher des contr&#244;les surprise avec le seul appui de la France et du Royaume-Uni, sans possibilit&#233; de veto russe ou chinois.&#8221;</p><p>&#8220;La seule vraie critique de Trump ? L&#8217;Iran n&#8217;avait pas renonc&#233; &#224; sa capacit&#233; &#224; fabriquer la bombe &#8212; c&#8217;est-&#224;-dire la ma&#238;trise du cycle du combustible. Or cette connaissance-l&#224; ne se d&#233;truit pas par des missiles. Elle r&#233;side dans les esprits. Elle voyage avec les experts.&#8221;</p><h4><strong>Pourquoi les libertariens sont anti-guerre</strong></h4><p>&#8220;Sur le plan id&#233;ologique, pourquoi les libertariens am&#233;ricains sont-ils si visc&#233;ralement oppos&#233;s aux guerres d&#8217;empire ? La raison est arithm&#233;tique, pas sentimentale. Un appareil d&#8217;Etat de petite taille ne peut pas entretenir un empire. Les deux sont incompatibles : l&#8217;empire co&#251;te cher, justifie l&#8217;imp&#244;t, gonfle l&#8217;&#201;tat et corrompt les m&#233;canismes du march&#233;. Tout libertarien coh&#233;rent est donc anti-imp&#233;rialiste par logique, non par pacifisme na&#239;f.&#8221;</p><p>&#8220;Curieusement, cela les rapproche de Noam Chomsky sur un point : le d&#233;sir d&#8217;une soci&#233;t&#233; minimisant la coercition. La diff&#233;rence tient &#224; l&#8217;organisation : l&#8217;anarcho-syndicalisme de Chomsky suppose que des hi&#233;rarchies volontaires peuvent ignorer les lois &#233;conomiques des prix &#8212; une fiction. La gauche a raison sur un diagnostic : le grand capital capture le grand &#201;tat, et le grand &#201;tat prot&#232;ge en retour le grand capital de la concurrence. Sa conclusion &#8212; renforcer l&#8217;&#201;tat pour &#171; corriger &#187; cela &#8212; est absurde. La conclusion libertarienne est inverse : restreindre drastiquement le pouvoir de l&#8217;&#201;tat de favoriser quiconque, car l&#8217;&#201;tat ne sert jamais l&#8217;int&#233;r&#234;t g&#233;n&#233;ral. Il sert ceux qui ont les moyens de le capturer.&#8221;</p><p>&#8220;C&#8217;est pourquoi le progressisme am&#233;ricain n&#8217;est, en pratique, qu&#8217;une forme douce de fascisme corporatiste &#8212; ce que l&#8217;historien Robert Higgs nomme le &#171; fascisme participatif &#187; : des &#233;lections r&#233;guli&#232;res, une &#233;conomie pr&#233;tendument mixte, mais une collusion permanente entre grandes entreprises et r&#233;gulateurs, au d&#233;triment de tous les autres. L&#8217;&#171; &#233;conomie sociale de march&#233; &#187; europ&#233;enne ? M&#234;me m&#233;canisme, avec un nom plus &#233;l&#233;gant.&#8221;</p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[[ Iran ] L'inéluctable défaite]]></title><description><![CDATA[Donald Trump est en train de d&#233;manteler l&#8217;&#233;conomie mondiale pour satisfaire ses donateurs sionistes et soutenir le d&#233;lire d&#8217;un Grand Isra&#235;l.]]></description><link>https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/iran-lineluctable-defaite</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/iran-lineluctable-defaite</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Pascal Clérotte]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 30 Mar 2026 19:50:01 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/192636490/03d0479ba2e146d0555a4dfd769f0696.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Tout a &#233;t&#233; dit. Tout a &#233;t&#233; &#233;crit, au fil des douze premiers jours de cette guerre. Ne reste plus que la conclusion. La voici : une d&#233;faite d&#8217;Isra&#235;l et des &#201;tats-Unis de proportions bibliques &#8212; d&#233;faite qui, d&#232;s le premier coup de feu, &#233;tait in&#233;luctable.</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;3325c9e3-d296-44a1-8ba9-67d7103a59a4&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Plut&#244;t que de faire une &#233;ni&#232;me longue analyse de la situation qui n&#8217;aboutira qu&#8217;&#224; constater la d&#233;faite isra&#233;lo-am&#233;ricaine, autant vous lister nos articles et podcasts dans lesquels nous avons peu ou prou fait le tour de la situation.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:&quot;Read full story&quot;,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;lg&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;La deuxi&#232;me guerre des Douze Jours&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:26117268,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Pascal Cl&#233;rotte&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Analyst at L'Eclaireur @eclaireur, a French independent news outlet.&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/77e41319-017e-4d73-835f-a879943860fe_359x359.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:100}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-03-12T14:00:39.346Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5d1c8e3a-1faa-42c8-ae4c-cb5cad709978_1200x799.webp&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/la-deuxieme-guerre-des-douze-jours&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:&quot;La Lettre confidentielle&quot;,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:190605089,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:8,&quot;comment_count&quot;:2,&quot;publication_id&quot;:347021,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;L'&#201;CLAIREUR&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lY_X!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8e59fbad-1165-4e09-a30d-7573afe7d0a7_480x480.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.eclaireur.eu/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;S'abonner&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;fr&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Pour soutenir le travail de L&#8217;ECLAIREUR, choisissez votre abonnement, libre ou payant.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Tapez votre e-mail&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="S'abonner"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h3>L&#8217;erreur de faire&#8230;</h3>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Iran Reckoning: A Biblical Defeat ]]></title><description><![CDATA[This is the final word on Iran &#8212; or so we must hope. Israel must to be contained. Trump ought to be impeached. Podcast in French.]]></description><link>https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/the-iran-reckoning-a-biblical-defeat</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/the-iran-reckoning-a-biblical-defeat</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Pascal Clérotte]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 30 Mar 2026 16:31:06 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/192600944/d4a2520f75470a9f15a590306fa596a1.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>We&#8217;ve said everything that needed to be said, we&#8217;ve written everything that needed to be written as this war unfolded over its first twelve days. </p><p>What remains is the conclusion. And the conclusion is this: a defeat for Israel and the United States of biblical proportions &#8212; one that was, from the very first shot, utterly inevitable.</p><h4>A 20th-Century Military Fighting a 21st-Century War</h4><p>Much has been made of &#8220;asymmetric warfare.&#8221; That framing, it turns out, is wrong. This was not asymmetric &#8212; the intensity on both sides was comparable. The difference was generational. The United States fought with aircraft carriers and air strikes, the arsenal of a fading imperial power. Iran fought with missiles and drones, the weapons of the age we actually live in. Different battlefield, different means, entirely predictable outcome.</p><p>The results speak for themselves. Iran rendered all 14 American bases in the Persian Gulf region inoperable. It destroyed US and Israeli long-range detection capabilities &#8212; including four THAAD radar systems worth $1.1 billion each. With those eyes gouged out, air defenses degraded sharply, and Iranian missiles began hitting their targets with near-perfect consistency using fewer and fewer munitions. Iran also shot down two American refueling aircraft and an AWACS &#8212; irreplaceable assets, at least in any near or medium-term strategic horizon &#8212; striking them over a Saudi airport in a move of almost contemptuous precision.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.eclaireur.eu/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;S'abonner&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;fr&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">L&#8217;ECLAIREUR is reader-supported. To support our work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Tapez votre e-mail&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="S'abonner"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p></p>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Détroit d'Ormuz: no passaran !]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#201;coutez maintenant | L'escadre du Charles de Gaulle fera des ronds dans l'eau en attendant que T&#233;h&#233;ran daigne r&#233;tablir la navigation une fois le dernier soldat am&#233;ricain ayant quitt&#233; le Golfe persique.]]></description><link>https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/detroit-dormuz-no-passaran</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/detroit-dormuz-no-passaran</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Pascal Clérotte]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 10 Mar 2026 09:23:45 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/190448221/1fd6641486e2743831b7928e62bcf180.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Vous avez aim&#233; les drones a&#233;riens iraniens? Le Shahed-136, le GARAN-2 sont fabriqu&#233;s pour 20 000 &#224; 50 000 dollars l&#8217;unit&#233;, capables d&#8217;emporter plus de 50 kg de charge militaire. Ils sont quasi ind&#233;tectables, et extr&#234;mement co&#251;teux &#224; intercepter : il faut des chasseurs &#224; plusieurs dizaines de millions de dollars tirant des missiles &#224; 100 000 ou 200 000 d&#8230;</p>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Hormuz: No Passaran The Iranian Drone Belt]]></title><description><![CDATA[Navigation in the straight of Hormuz will be restored only as the last U.S. soldier has left the region. That's the cost of Israel's and the U.S. new ten-days' defeat.]]></description><link>https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/hormuz-no-passaran-the-iranian-drone</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/hormuz-no-passaran-the-iranian-drone</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Pascal Clérotte]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 10 Mar 2026 09:19:50 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/190412406/f7b5b4f2d22218ff15d2703d47e5dbb7.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>You&#8217;re familiar with Iranian aerial drones. The Shahed-136, the GARAN-2 &#8212; cheap to build at $20,000&#8211;$50,000 a unit, capable of delivering 50 kg or more of military payload, hard to detect, and laughably expensive to shoot down: we&#8217;re talking fighter jets worth tens of millions firing missiles at $100,000&#8211;$200,000 a pop. Or interceptors worth millions.</p><p>Now meet their underwater cousins. You&#8217;ll grasp why Trump&#8217;s claims that Iran has no Air Force nor Navy anymore do not matter. </p><p>Since the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Iran has been preparing for the day the U.S. decides to strike. Their chosen strategy is asymmetrical. They refuse to fight America where America dominates: air and sea.</p><p>Iran has thus built a formidable conventional ballistic strike force and, crucially, what it calls a <strong>drone belt</strong> &#8212; a layered system designed to make any ground invasion extraordinarily costly, and to choke off the Strait of Hormuz indefinitely.</p><p>The Strait of Hormuz, for context, is 23 nautical miles across &#8212; roughly 42 km. The actual area that needs to be controlled to halt shipping? About <strong>12 square kilometers</strong>. A postage stamp of ocean with trillion-dollar consequences.</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;db2eeefa-3ca8-476c-8635-37ed684ed696&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;The Strait of Hormuz has been closed for eight days. Marine insurers &#8212; Lloyd&#8217;s and the rest &#8212; refuse, rightfully so, to cover any vessel attempting to transit it. That&#8217;s not a disruption. That&#8217;s a halt in oil and gas trade in the Persian gulf. And the consequences are not theoretical.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:&quot;Listen now&quot;,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Israel and Trump are sending the whole world back to the stone age&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:26117268,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Pascal Cl&#233;rotte&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Analyst at L'Eclaireur @eclaireur, a French independent news outlet.&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/77e41319-017e-4d73-835f-a879943860fe_359x359.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-03-09T11:08:45.116Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substack-video.s3.amazonaws.com/video_upload/post/190273412/43332943-013f-46df-a252-a6d2a6f91f6a/transcoded-1772978455.png&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/israel-and-trump-are-sending-the&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:&quot;Le Coup de projecteur&quot;,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:190273412,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;podcast&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:2,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:347021,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;L'&#201;CLAIREUR&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lY_X!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8e59fbad-1165-4e09-a30d-7573afe7d0a7_480x480.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>Iran already demonstrated it could seal that stamp during the Tanker War of 1984&#8211;1988, by mining it. The problem with mines: they&#8217;re indiscriminate. Friendly and neutral vessels get blown up too. So Iran upgraded.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.eclaireur.eu/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;S'abonner&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;fr&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">L&#8217;ECLAIREUR is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support our work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Tapez votre e-mail&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="S'abonner"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Israël et Trump détruisent l'économie mondiale]]></title><description><![CDATA[Ce n'est pas qu'une question de p&#233;trole. La guerre d'agression d&#233;clench&#233;e par Netanyahou et Trump met &#224; mal les fondements de toutes les soci&#233;t&#233;s industrialis&#233;es.]]></description><link>https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/israel-et-trump-detruisent-leconomie</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/israel-et-trump-detruisent-leconomie</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Pascal Clérotte]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 09 Mar 2026 11:11:53 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/190283842/a16402edb38b29ee10651e4bc988efa5.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Huit jours. Le d&#233;troit d&#8217;Ormuz est ferm&#233; depuis huit jours. Les assureurs maritimes &#8212; Lloyd&#8217;s en t&#234;te &#8212; refusent, &#224; juste titre, de couvrir tout navire qui tenterait d&#8217;y transiter. Ce n&#8217;est pas une perturbation. C&#8217;est un arr&#234;t net du commerce mondial en hydrocarbures dans le Golfe persique, Ormuz &#233;tant la principale route. Et les cons&#233;quences ne sont pas th&#233;oriques.</p><p><strong>Commen&#231;ons par le p&#233;trole.</strong> Non pas simplement comme source des carburants, mais comme l&#8217;une des mati&#232;res premi&#232;res fondamentales de la civilisation industrielle. Les raffineries ont &#233;t&#233; con&#231;ues, construites et calibr&#233;es pour le brut du Golfe persique &#8212; une norme historique qui remonte &#224; la fin du XIXe si&#232;cle. Substituer d&#8217;autres qualit&#233;s de brut n&#8217;est pas une mince affaire : cela exige des catalyseurs de craquage fluide, d&#8217;autres intrants co&#251;teux, et une recalibration compl&#232;te des proc&#233;d&#233;s de raffinage. L&#8217;arr&#234;t quasi-total de l&#8217;approvisionnement en brut du Golfe signifie une inflation s&#233;v&#232;re et garantie sur l&#8217;ensemble des produits d&#233;riv&#233;s du raffinage &#8212; c&#8217;est-&#224;-dire, peu ou prou, tout.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.eclaireur.eu/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;S'abonner&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;fr&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Pour soutenir le travail de L&#8217;ECLAIREUR, choisissez votre abonnement, libre ou payant.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Tapez votre e-mail&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="S'abonner"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Israel and Trump are sending the whole world back to the stone age]]></title><description><![CDATA[It's not only about oil, it's the about the very foundations of all industrial societies.]]></description><link>https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/israel-and-trump-are-sending-the</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/israel-and-trump-are-sending-the</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Pascal Clérotte]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 09 Mar 2026 11:08:45 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/190273412/12ffb55cceb799b6f8cc1a4cfa56b648.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The Strait of Hormuz has been closed for eight days. Marine insurers &#8212; Lloyd&#8217;s and the rest &#8212; refuse, rightfully so, to cover any vessel attempting to transit it. That&#8217;s not a disruption. That&#8217;s a halt in oil and gas trade in the Persian gulf. And the consequences are not theoretical.</p><p><strong>Start with oil.</strong> Not merely as a source of fuel, but as one the foundational feedstock of modern civilization. The world&#8217;s refineries were designed, built and calibrated around Persian Gulf crude &#8212; a historical standard dating to the late 19th century. Substituting other crude grades isn&#8217;t a switch you flip; it requires fluid cracking catalysts, other costly imputs and full refining process recalibration. The near-total halt of Gulf oil supply means severe, guaranteed inflation across every product derived from refining &#8212; which is to say, nearly everything.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.eclaireur.eu/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;S'abonner&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;fr&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">L&#8217;ECLAIREUR is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support our work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Tapez votre e-mail&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="S'abonner"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Comment l’Iran a usé de la fronde de David contre le Goliath israélo-américain]]></title><description><![CDATA["La strat&#233;gie sans la tactique est le plus long chemin vers la victoire. La tactique sans la strat&#233;gie est le bruit de la d&#233;faite" - Sun Zu]]></description><link>https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/comment-liran-a-use-de-la-fronde</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/comment-liran-a-use-de-la-fronde</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Pascal Clérotte]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 07 Mar 2026 16:25:44 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/190169181/e14c32e5775a25fe75c2a7a74e93677f.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Commen&#231;ons par le plus petit des d&#233;tails: l&#8217;incommensurable malhonn&#234;tet&#233; de la presse fran&#231;aise.</p><p>L&#8217;Express a publi&#233; sur X qu&#8217;Isra&#235;l avait mobilis&#233; 200 avions de chasse pour frapper T&#233;h&#233;ran la nuit derni&#232;re. Deux secondes de recherche &#8212; deux secondes &#8212; suffisent &#224; &#233;tablir que l&#8217;arm&#233;e de l&#8217;air isra&#233;lienne ne dispose que de 175 appareils. </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oOTn!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6c3cbff-bd9a-4641-8320-4379f3489107_575x746.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oOTn!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6c3cbff-bd9a-4641-8320-4379f3489107_575x746.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oOTn!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6c3cbff-bd9a-4641-8320-4379f3489107_575x746.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oOTn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6c3cbff-bd9a-4641-8320-4379f3489107_575x746.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oOTn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6c3cbff-bd9a-4641-8320-4379f3489107_575x746.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oOTn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6c3cbff-bd9a-4641-8320-4379f3489107_575x746.png" width="575" height="746" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f6c3cbff-bd9a-4641-8320-4379f3489107_575x746.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:746,&quot;width&quot;:575,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:249465,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.eclaireur.eu/i/190169181?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6c3cbff-bd9a-4641-8320-4379f3489107_575x746.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oOTn!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6c3cbff-bd9a-4641-8320-4379f3489107_575x746.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oOTn!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6c3cbff-bd9a-4641-8320-4379f3489107_575x746.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oOTn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6c3cbff-bd9a-4641-8320-4379f3489107_575x746.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oOTn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6c3cbff-bd9a-4641-8320-4379f3489107_575x746.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Mais ce n&#8217;est pas le pire. En cliquant sur l&#8217;article, l&#8217;information est rectifi&#233;e  discr&#232;tement dans le chapeau : 80 appareils. Entre le poste X et l&#8217;article, 120 chasseurs fant&#244;mes. Ce n&#8217;est pas une erreur. C&#8217;est de la d&#233;sinformation d&#233;lib&#233;r&#233;e, industrielle, produite &#224; la cha&#238;ne, sans la moindre honte.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pUB4!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d17beaf-fd05-420e-8da1-13708af2274f_1118x472.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pUB4!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d17beaf-fd05-420e-8da1-13708af2274f_1118x472.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pUB4!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d17beaf-fd05-420e-8da1-13708af2274f_1118x472.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pUB4!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d17beaf-fd05-420e-8da1-13708af2274f_1118x472.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pUB4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d17beaf-fd05-420e-8da1-13708af2274f_1118x472.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pUB4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d17beaf-fd05-420e-8da1-13708af2274f_1118x472.png" width="1118" height="472" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1d17beaf-fd05-420e-8da1-13708af2274f_1118x472.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:472,&quot;width&quot;:1118,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:93915,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.eclaireur.eu/i/190169181?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d17beaf-fd05-420e-8da1-13708af2274f_1118x472.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pUB4!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d17beaf-fd05-420e-8da1-13708af2274f_1118x472.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pUB4!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d17beaf-fd05-420e-8da1-13708af2274f_1118x472.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pUB4!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d17beaf-fd05-420e-8da1-13708af2274f_1118x472.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pUB4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d17beaf-fd05-420e-8da1-13708af2274f_1118x472.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Cela &#233;tant pos&#233;, passons aux choses s&#233;rieuses.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.eclaireur.eu/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;S'abonner&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;fr&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Pour soutenir le travail de L&#8217;ECLAIREUR, choisissez votre abonnement, libre ou payant.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Tapez votre e-mail&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input 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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[How Iran Wielded David's Sling against the U.S. -Israeli Goliath]]></title><description><![CDATA["Strategy without tactics is the slowest route to victory. Tactics without strategy is the noise before defeat" - Sun Zu]]></description><link>https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/how-iran-wielded-davids-sling-against</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/how-iran-wielded-davids-sling-against</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Pascal Clérotte]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 07 Mar 2026 16:25:11 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/190204707/a44d12f0d125ccb20376fb73f03a84af.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Let&#8217;s begin with a telling example of just how far French media have fallen.<a href="https://x.com/LEXPRESS/status/2030203675944026484"> </a><em><a href="https://x.com/LEXPRESS/status/2030203675944026484">L&#8217;Express</a></em><a href="https://x.com/LEXPRESS/status/2030203675944026484"> posted the following on X</a>: <em>&#8220;Breaking &#8212; Israel has launched a massive wave of strikes on Tehran. Israel announced that 200 fighter jets took part in the raids, calling it the largest operation in its military&#8217;s history.&#8221;</em></p><p>Two seconds on any search or AI engine would have told the editors that the Israeli Air Force operates 175 combat aircraft with a range of 1000 km or more. You cannot send 200 planes you don&#8217;t have. Click through to the actual article and the number quietly shrinks to 80. That isn&#8217;t a typo. That&#8217;s a fabrication &#8212; and a brazen one. That&#8217;s deliberate desinformation.</p><p>Now, to the substance.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.eclaireur.eu/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;S'abonner&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;fr&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">L&#8217;ECLAIREUR is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support our work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Tapez votre e-mail&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="S'abonner"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p></p>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Unreported Harsh Reality]]></title><description><![CDATA[The United States of America and Isra&#235;l are screwed.]]></description><link>https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/the-unreported-harsh-reality</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/the-unreported-harsh-reality</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Pascal Clérotte]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 06 Mar 2026 12:49:25 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/190092710/6584be0ef9f032f0f9adba59beb229a8.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Let&#8217;s cut through the fog of war and the even thicker fog of Western media spin on Iran. What we&#8217;re being fed is a fairy tale. The latest headline? Iran supposedly hammered Tel Aviv with a cluster-munition missile last night. Complete nonsense.</p><p>Cluster munitions are antipersonnel weapons&#8212;designed to shred infantry in open fields, useless against buildings or military hardware. What Iran actually demonstrated was a new ballistic missile that, in its terminal phase, unleashes 80 thermal decoys to blind and saturate air defenses. The real warhead slips through while interceptors chase ghosts. </p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.eclaireur.eu/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;S'abonner&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;fr&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">L&#8217;ECLAIREUR is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my our work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Tapez votre e-mail&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="S'abonner"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Why does this matter? Picture one of these missiles, preceded by a swarm of  drones, vectoring toward a U.S. aircraft carrier. No effective interception. The carrier takes catastrophic damage&#8212;or worse, sinks. </p><p>As per today, no surface warship feels safe within a 2,000 km radius of Iranian shores. Game-changer.</p><p>We&#8217;re also constantly told Israel and the United States enjoy unchallenged air supremacy. Flat-out lie. Recall: Iran has already downed multiple American F-15s. Every U.S. and Israeli strike on Iranian soil comes from standoff range&#8212;cruise missiles off ships or distant aircraft. Direct overflights? Not happening.</p><p>Worse still, Iran has methodically gutted the American missile shield across the Middle East. Precision strikes knocked the four high-end X-band THAAD radars (the kind that cost $1.1 billion each) in the region. Result: Israel and its allies are effectively blind to incoming ballistic launches. Detection and early warning? Severely compromised. Satelittes aren&#8217;t just cutting it. </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4NB-!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7257acf-0008-4a56-bd84-6d86858f995a_642x620.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4NB-!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7257acf-0008-4a56-bd84-6d86858f995a_642x620.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4NB-!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7257acf-0008-4a56-bd84-6d86858f995a_642x620.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4NB-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7257acf-0008-4a56-bd84-6d86858f995a_642x620.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4NB-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7257acf-0008-4a56-bd84-6d86858f995a_642x620.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4NB-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7257acf-0008-4a56-bd84-6d86858f995a_642x620.png" width="642" height="620" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e7257acf-0008-4a56-bd84-6d86858f995a_642x620.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:620,&quot;width&quot;:642,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:311648,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.eclaireur.eu/i/190092710?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7257acf-0008-4a56-bd84-6d86858f995a_642x620.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4NB-!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7257acf-0008-4a56-bd84-6d86858f995a_642x620.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4NB-!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7257acf-0008-4a56-bd84-6d86858f995a_642x620.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4NB-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7257acf-0008-4a56-bd84-6d86858f995a_642x620.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4NB-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7257acf-0008-4a56-bd84-6d86858f995a_642x620.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Meanwhile, Israel&#8217;s latest adventure&#8212;yet another incursion into southern Lebanon&#8212;is backfiring spectacularly. Hezbollah has wrecked at least eight Merkava tanks and hammered Israeli troop concentrations near the border. The ground offensive is bleeding.</p><p>Then there&#8217;s basic arithmetic the West pretends doesn&#8217;t exist. Intercepting a single incoming projectile requires two expensive anti-air missiles. An Iranian Shahed-2 drone? $20,000&#8211;50,000. A Patriot or other interceptor? $3 million minimum, up to $13 million. The economics are brutal: defenders bleed money while attackers spend pocket change.</p><p>All of this spells one unavoidable outcome: the Strait of Hormuz stays choked. No tanker wants an American escort right now&#8212;too dangerous. We&#8217;re barreling toward an energy crisis that will make the 1973 oil shock look like a minor hiccup. Global oil prices are already screaming.</p><p>Panic in the West is palpable. The U.S. has quietly greenlit India&#8217;s continued imports of Russian crude. Germany&#8212;yes, Germany&#8212;and the broader EU are now pressuring Ukraine to reopen Russian oil and gas pipelines through its territory. Zelenskyy, ever a petty mobster, is holding out for another &#8364;90 billion in European taxpayer cash as blackmail leverage. Time to admit the obvious: the current Kyiv regime is a liability that needs replacing&#8212;fast.</p><p>We told you to watch two key indicators in our <a href="https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/another-doomed-imperial-adventure">last Sunday&#8217;s capsule</a>: US missile stockpiles and crude oil prices. No genius required; the trajectory was obvious. Yet our so-called leaders and their spineless opposition remain dangerously clueless. They should be removed from power before they drag us further into catastrophe.</p><p>As for the 24/7 news channels&#8212;public and private alike&#8212;shut them all down. They don&#8217;t inform; they propagandize. And while we&#8217;re at it, think of the savings for the oligarchs who own them. None of these outlets are profitable. </p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Iran: la réalité qu'on ne vous décrit pas]]></title><description><![CDATA[Les USA et Isra&#235;l sont dans une mouise de proportions bibliques.]]></description><link>https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/iran-la-realite-quon-ne-vous-decrit</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/iran-la-realite-quon-ne-vous-decrit</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Pascal Clérotte]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 06 Mar 2026 12:48:54 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/190096358/deea2e5a0d7f58bc5b2d15e6697283cd.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Coupons &#224; la machette le brouillard de guerre &#8212; et, plus &#233;pais encore, le brouillard m&#233;diatique sur l&#8217;Iran.</p><p>Ce qu&#8217;on nous sert, c&#8217;est un conte de f&#233;es.</p><p>Dernier chapitre en date : l&#8217;Iran aurait pilonn&#233; Tel Aviv avec un missile &#224; sous-munitions la nuit derni&#232;re. Absurde.</p><p>Les armes &#224; sous-munitions sont des armes antipersonnel &#8212; con&#231;ues pour faucher de l&#8217;infanterie en rase campagne, sans effet sur des b&#226;timents ou du mat&#233;riel militaire. </p><p>L&#8217;Iran a fait la d&#233;monstration d&#8217;un nouveau missile balistique man&#339;uvrable qui, en phase finale de sa trajectoire, lib&#232;re 80 leurres thermiques pour saturer et aveugler les d&#233;fenses a&#233;riennes. La vraie ogive se faufile pendant que les intercepteurs chassent les leurres.</p><p>Pourquoi est-ce capital ?<strong> </strong>Imaginez un tel missile, pr&#233;c&#233;d&#233; d&#8217;un essaim de drones, tir&#233; sur un porte-avions am&#233;ricain. Aucune interception efficace possible. Le porte-avions subit des dommages catastrophiques, voire est coul&#233;. Aucun navire de surface n&#8217;est aujourd&#8217;hui en s&#233;curit&#233; dans un rayon de 2 000 km des c&#244;tes iraniennes. Changement de paradigme.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.eclaireur.eu/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;S'abonner&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;fr&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Pour soutenir le travail de L&#8217;ECLAIREUR, choisissez votre abonnement, libre ou payant.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Tapez votre e-mail&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="S'abonner"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Etant donn&#233; que T&#233;h&#233;ran a r&#233;duit en poussi&#232;re la base de la 5e flotte am&#233;ricaine au Bahre&#239;n, le point le plus proche de ravitaillement et de r&#233;armement des b&#226;timents se situe &#224; Diego Garcia, dans l&#8217;oc&#233;an indien.  </p><p>On nous r&#233;p&#232;te aussi qu&#8217;Isra&#235;l et les &#201;tats-Unis jouissent d&#8217;une supr&#233;matie a&#233;rienne incontest&#233;e. Mensonge. Rappel : l&#8217;Iran a d&#233;j&#224; abattu plusieurs F-15 am&#233;ricains et de multiples drones. </p><p>Chaque frappe am&#233;ricaine ou isra&#233;lienne sur le sol iranien s&#8217;effectue &#224; distance de s&#233;curit&#233;, hors de port&#233;e de la d&#233;fense anti-a&#233;rienne iranienne &#8212; missiles de croisi&#232;re tir&#233;s depuis des navires ou des a&#233;ronefs. Des survols directs ? Hors de question. M&#234;me pas de bombardiers furtifs.</p><p>Plus grave encore : l&#8217;Iran a m&#233;thodiquement d&#233;mantel&#233; le bouclier antimissile am&#233;ricain au Moyen-Orient. Des frappes de pr&#233;cision ont mis hors service les quatre radars THAAD (Terminal High Altitude Area Defense) de la r&#233;gion (qui co&#251;tent 1,1 milliard de dollars pi&#232;ce). R&#233;sultat : Isra&#235;l et ses alli&#233;s sont d&#233;finitivement aveugles face aux tirs balistiques. D&#233;tection et alerte pr&#233;coce ? Gravement compromises.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OW8v!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F645feb1f-d3c9-48cd-b262-0174ebcf5837_642x620.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OW8v!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F645feb1f-d3c9-48cd-b262-0174ebcf5837_642x620.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OW8v!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F645feb1f-d3c9-48cd-b262-0174ebcf5837_642x620.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OW8v!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F645feb1f-d3c9-48cd-b262-0174ebcf5837_642x620.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OW8v!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F645feb1f-d3c9-48cd-b262-0174ebcf5837_642x620.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OW8v!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F645feb1f-d3c9-48cd-b262-0174ebcf5837_642x620.png" width="642" height="620" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/645feb1f-d3c9-48cd-b262-0174ebcf5837_642x620.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:620,&quot;width&quot;:642,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:311648,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.eclaireur.eu/i/190096358?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F645feb1f-d3c9-48cd-b262-0174ebcf5837_642x620.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OW8v!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F645feb1f-d3c9-48cd-b262-0174ebcf5837_642x620.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OW8v!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F645feb1f-d3c9-48cd-b262-0174ebcf5837_642x620.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OW8v!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F645feb1f-d3c9-48cd-b262-0174ebcf5837_642x620.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OW8v!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F645feb1f-d3c9-48cd-b262-0174ebcf5837_642x620.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>Pendant ce temps, la derni&#232;re aventure isra&#233;lienne &#8212; une nouvelle incursion dans le sud du Liban &#8212; tourne au fiasco. Le Hezbollah a mis hors combat au moins huit chars Merkava et pilonn&#233; les concentrations de troupes isra&#233;liennes &#224; la fronti&#232;re. Tsahal se fait une nouvelle fois botter le derri&#232;re.</p><p>Puis il y a l&#8217;arithm&#233;tique &#233;l&#233;mentaire que l&#8217;Occident feint d&#8217;ignorer. Intercepter un projectile ou un drone n&#233;cessite deux missiles antia&#233;riens au moins. Un drone iranien Shahed-2 ? Entre 20 000 et 50 000 dollars. Un intercepteur Patriot ? Trois millions de dollars. Un intercepteur THAAD? Treize millions. Logique &#233;conomique brutale: les d&#233;fenseurs s&#8217;&#233;puisent financi&#232;rement pendant que les attaquants d&#233;pensent des clopinettes.</p><p>Tout cela pointe vers un seule conclusion : le d&#233;troit d&#8217;Ormuz restera ferm&#233;. Aucun p&#233;trolier n&#8217;a accept&#233; d&#8217;&#234;tre escort&#233; par la marine am&#233;ricaine &#8212; trop dangereux, et pour cause. Nous fon&#231;ons vers une crise &#233;nerg&#233;tique qui fera passer le choc p&#233;trolier de 1973 pour de la gnognotte.</p><p>La panique en Occident est palpable. Les &#201;tats-Unis ont discr&#232;tement autoris&#233; l&#8217;Inde &#224; continuer d&#8217;importer du brut russe. L&#8217;Allemagne &#8212; oui, l&#8217;Allemagne &#8212; et l&#8217;UE font pression sur l&#8217;Ukraine pour rouvrir les pipelines russo-ukrainiens. Zelensky, petit ca&#239;d vicieux, fait encore du chantage et exige les 90 milliards d&#8217;euros promis par le Conseil europ&#233;en. Il est temps d&#8217;admettre l&#8217;&#233;vidence : le r&#233;gime de Kiev est un boulet dont on doit vite se s&#233;parer.</p><p>Nous vous avons sugg&#233;r&#233;, dans <a href="https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/encore-une-guerre-perdue-davance">notre capsule du 2 mars dernier</a>, de surveiller deux indicateurs : les stocks de missiles am&#233;ricains et les prix du brut. Nul besoin d&#8217;&#234;tre grand clerc pour pr&#233;voir ce qui &#233;tait ais&#233;ment pr&#233;visible. Pourtant nos dirigeants &#8212; et leurs oppositions invert&#233;br&#233;es &#8212; n&#8217;ont rien vu venir. </p><p>Quant aux cha&#238;nes d&#8217;info en continu &#8212; publiques comme priv&#233;es &#8212;, fermez-les toutes. Elles n&#8217;informent pas. Pensez aux &#233;conomies pour ces chers oligarques qui les poss&#232;dent.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Another Doomed Imperial Adventure]]></title><description><![CDATA[The center of gravity of the USA and Israel's attack on Iran is keeping Netanyahu out of jail. Abyssal strategic depth.]]></description><link>https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/another-doomed-imperial-adventure</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/another-doomed-imperial-adventure</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Pascal Clérotte]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 02 Mar 2026 19:01:41 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/189683170/8e2f0e9cf03bd01f2aa8c93e68c61f1b.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>Below is the sum-up in English of this podcast in French.</em></p><div><hr></div><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5_xqb416S7o&amp;list=RD5_xqb416S7o&amp;start_radio=1">The clowns are back in town</a>, would sing Thin Lizzy if the band were still active.</p><p>Every time the United States and Israel ignite another war, the same tired parade marches out: on 24/7 news channels, ignorant journalists racing against incompetent &#8216;experts&#8217; who have been wrong about everything&#8212;from Ukraine to the Middle East&#8212;and yet still demand we consider them oracles.</p><p>The Middle East isn&#8217;t some neat European theater of war. It&#8217;s a hydra-headed mess of overlapping conflicts. Yet Washington and Tel Aviv, drunk on their own arrogance, thought decapitating the regime by assassinating Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei&#8212;along with dozens of senior clerics and officials&#8212;would make Iran collapse.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.eclaireur.eu/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;S'abonner&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;fr&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">L'&#201;CLAIREUR is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support our work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Tapez votre e-mail&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="S'abonner"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>They were dead wrong. </p><p>Iran still stands. And it&#8217;s hitting back&#8212;hard.</p><p>Let&#8217;s get one thing straight: Iran is not a theocracy run by mullahs in a vacuum. It has a president elected by universal suffrage, a government accountable to a unicameral parliament (the Majlis), and elected legislators. The Majlis dates back to 1905&#8212;long before the 1979 Revolution. </p><p>Khamenei was never head of state; that role belongs to the elected president of the Islamic Republic.</p><p>Killing a few dozen people, even the top cleric, does not topple institutions built on political&#8212;not purely religious&#8212;foundations. </p><p>And in Shia Islam&#8212;the faith of martyrs since Karbala&#8212;what did they expect? National unity? Rally-around-the-flag? Exactly what we&#8217;re witnessing: most Iranians closing ranks behind their country and its insitutions.</p><p>Those much-hyped &#8220;decapitation strikes&#8221; achieved nothing of the sort. Iran&#8217;s retaliation unfolded precisely as Tehran promised: direct hits on Israel and on every U.S. regional base used to launch the initial assault.</p><p>The Americans and Israelis, as usual, underestimated their opponent. They never learn.</p><p>To track where this disaster is headed, watch two key indicators.</p><p><strong>Short-term</strong>:  stocks of anti-air missiles held by the United States, Israel, and Gulf monarchies hosting American bases. Supplies are already razor-thin. The Pentagon reportedly warned Trump against this adventure because they couldn&#8217;t sustain more than a few weeks. That&#8217;s why he keeps talking about a &#8220;four-week war.&#8221;</p><p>Remember the 12-day war? Israel barely lasted that long&#8212;even with Gulf states feeding Patriot missiles to intercept Iranian ballistic and drone salvos. </p><p>Now, after Iran has deliberately struck those same Gulf bases, no Arab regime will risk handing over interceptors. Tehran knows its ballistic and drone arsenals outmatch the other side&#8217;s defenses. All Iran has to do is absorb damage, wait for the interceptors to run dry, then&#8212;if needed&#8212;sink a few U.S. ships and finish flattening Israel.</p><p><strong>Medium-term (3&#8211;6 months)</strong>: Oil and gas prices. </p><p>Brent crude at $100 means at least $3/gallon gas in the U.S.&#8212;political suicide for Trump six months before midterms. </p><p>We&#8217;ve already seen European LNG prices double after Qatar halted production to protect its facilities from Iranian strikes.</p><p>For the Trump administration, spiking fuel costs spell electoral doom. </p><p>For Europe, Japan, Korea, Australia, and New Zealand, it&#8217;s an economic death sentence&#8212;no reindustrialization, no growth, just stagnation or worse.</p><p>Yet here we are, with attempts to drag Europe - that is the UK, Germany and France -  into a war that isn&#8217;t ours&#8212;one that&#8217;s already lost.</p><p>The single strategic gravity point of this entire illegal aggression (a blatant violation of international law and even U.S. statutes) is transparent: to shield a war criminal&#8212;Benjamin Netanyahu&#8212;from corruption trials and prison.</p><p>The empire&#8217;s hubris is on full display once again. Iran isn&#8217;t folding. It&#8217;s enduring, retaliating, and waiting for the West&#8217;s finite munitions and political will to collapse under the weight of reality.</p><p>The circus may be loud, but the show is ending badly&#8212;for everyone but the architects who never pay the price.</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;57d5752c-7a73-40a1-9a73-111ebc2b3606&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;The primaries are barreling down, so are the mid-terms, and Donald Trump&#8217;s track record is nothing short of a flaming dumpster fire. He&#8217;s botched just about everything&#8212;except maybe free speech, but let&#8217;s not kid ourselves; he gets zero props for that. It&#8217;s just dusting off a constitutional right after 15 years of un&#8230;&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:&quot;Read full story&quot;,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;lg&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;[ Editorial ] Operation Epic Slurry&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:26117268,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Pascal Cl&#233;rotte&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Analyst at L'Eclaireur @eclaireur, a French independent news outlet.&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/77e41319-017e-4d73-835f-a879943860fe_359x359.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:100}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-03-01T10:09:33.032Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jph8!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fadc3bdc5-46ea-45e2-8ae2-888480eecbc6_1041x548.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/editorial-operation-epic-slurry&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:&quot;L'Eclaireur In English&quot;,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:189534195,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:4,&quot;comment_count&quot;:2,&quot;publication_id&quot;:347021,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;L'&#201;CLAIREUR&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lY_X!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8e59fbad-1165-4e09-a30d-7573afe7d0a7_480x480.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Encore une guerre perdue d'avance]]></title><description><![CDATA[Le centre de gravit&#233; de l'attaque de l'Iran est d'&#233;viter &#224; Benjamin Netanyahou la prison. Profondeur strat&#233;gique abyssale.]]></description><link>https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/encore-une-guerre-perdue-davance</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/encore-une-guerre-perdue-davance</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Pascal Clérotte]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 02 Mar 2026 18:18:46 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/189674073/30a5f74e5d5ae8753da422fcf1c10213.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Nous vous proposons deux indicateurs pour s&#233;rier l&#8217;&#233;volution de ce nouveau conflit d&#233;clench&#233; par les USA et Isra&#235;l.</p><p>1 - <strong>L&#8217;&#233;tat des stocks de munitions antia&#233;riennes</strong>. </p><p>En juin 2025, Isra&#235;l et l&#8217;Occident avaient tenu dix jours face &#224; la riposte iranienne. D&#8217;o&#249; une guerre perdue, qui n&#8217;en dura que douze. </p><p>Si les stocks ont &#233;t&#233; reconstitu&#233;s depuis, nous sources nous indiquent que leur niveau n&#8217;est pas sup&#233;rieur &#224; celui de l&#8217;ann&#233;e derni&#232;re. Les Iraniens le savent, et donc ripostent tout en encaissant les coups, ce qu&#8217;ils font bien mieux que nous Occidentaux. Si d&#8217;aventure les choses ne s&#8217;am&#233;lioraient pas, ils pourront alors s&#233;rieusement endommager voir couler des b&#226;timents de guerre am&#233;ricains et oblit&#233;rer des infrastructures critiques en Isra&#235;l. Le temps est du c&#244;t&#233; de T&#233;h&#233;ran.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.eclaireur.eu/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;S'abonner&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;fr&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Pour soutenir le travail de L'&#201;CLAIREUR, choisissez votre abonnement, libre ou payant.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Tapez votre e-mail&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="S'abonner"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p></p><p><strong>2 - Le prix du p&#233;trole et du gaz. </strong></p><p>Cent dollars le baril de brent, c&#8217;est &#224; br&#232;ve &#233;ch&#233;ance plus de 3 dollars le gallon (3,8 litres) aux USA, une ann&#233;e d&#8217;&#233;lection interm&#233;diaire. Mort politique de l&#8217;administration Trump.</p><p>Le Qatar ayant ferm&#233; l&#8217;ensemble de sa capacit&#233; de production de gaz liqu&#233;fi&#233; afin de la pr&#233;server de frappes iraniennes, le prix spot du gaz en Europe a doubl&#233; en l&#8217;espace de trente minutes. Autant dire au revoir &#224; toute croissance &#233;conomique, &#224; toute &#8220;r&#233;industrialisation&#8221;, et bonjour le racket am&#233;ricain puisque l&#8217;Europe s&#8217;est intelligemment coup&#233;e de son approvisionnement en gaz russe.</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;38233f84-3bdb-41c3-857c-a58364f8bc74&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Les &#233;lections interm&#233;diaires approchent &#224; grands pas, et le bilan de Donald Trump s&#8217;apparente &#224; un d&#233;sastre. Il a &#233;chou&#233; sur presque tous les fronts &#8212; &#224; l&#8217;exception peut-&#234;tre de la libert&#233; d&#8217;expression, mais soyons s&#233;rieux : il ne s&#8217;est agi que de restaurer un droit constitutionnel fondamental apr&#232;s quinze ann&#233;es de d&#233;rive&#8230;&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:&quot;Read full story&quot;,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;lg&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Une certaine Am&#233;rique tente de se rassurer. Rat&#233;&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:26117268,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Pascal Cl&#233;rotte&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Analyst at L'Eclaireur @eclaireur, a French independent news outlet.&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/77e41319-017e-4d73-835f-a879943860fe_359x359.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:100}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-03-01T14:14:21.720Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jph8!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fadc3bdc5-46ea-45e2-8ae2-888480eecbc6_1041x548.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/une-certaine-amerique-tente-de-se&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:&quot;La Lettre confidentielle&quot;,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:189543616,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:17,&quot;comment_count&quot;:2,&quot;publication_id&quot;:347021,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;L'&#201;CLAIREUR&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lY_X!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8e59fbad-1165-4e09-a30d-7573afe7d0a7_480x480.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[[ Capsule ] Economie pour les nuls: la dette ne créé pas de liquidité pour ceux qui l'achètent]]></title><description><![CDATA[On se croirait vraiment revenu apr&#232;s la mort de Louis XIV: pays ruin&#233; et banque &#224; tout va sur le dos des &#233;pargnants.]]></description><link>https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/capsule-economie-pour-les-nuls-la</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/capsule-economie-pour-les-nuls-la</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Pascal Clérotte]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 18 Feb 2026 18:04:14 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/188313823/0e411e72db39e51dbf66a98362523972.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PK2j!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7cc8f1b-6019-470d-8e8e-4eae22cac6fa_640x433.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PK2j!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7cc8f1b-6019-470d-8e8e-4eae22cac6fa_640x433.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PK2j!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7cc8f1b-6019-470d-8e8e-4eae22cac6fa_640x433.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PK2j!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7cc8f1b-6019-470d-8e8e-4eae22cac6fa_640x433.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PK2j!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7cc8f1b-6019-470d-8e8e-4eae22cac6fa_640x433.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PK2j!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7cc8f1b-6019-470d-8e8e-4eae22cac6fa_640x433.jpeg" width="727" height="491.8609375" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PK2j!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7cc8f1b-6019-470d-8e8e-4eae22cac6fa_640x433.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PK2j!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7cc8f1b-6019-470d-8e8e-4eae22cac6fa_640x433.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PK2j!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7cc8f1b-6019-470d-8e8e-4eae22cac6fa_640x433.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PK2j!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7cc8f1b-6019-470d-8e8e-4eae22cac6fa_640x433.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">John Law, Mozart de la Finance qui ruina les &#233;pargnants fran&#231;ais pour renflouer les caisses du royaume.</figcaption></figure></div><p>Transcript in English</p><div><hr></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QCor!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff26936b3-ce8e-4227-841c-cb4fe80dc0a6_593x582.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QCor!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff26936b3-ce8e-4227-841c-cb4fe80dc0a6_593x582.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QCor!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff26936b3-ce8e-4227-841c-cb4fe80dc0a6_593x582.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QCor!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff26936b3-ce8e-4227-841c-cb4fe80dc0a6_593x582.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QCor!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff26936b3-ce8e-4227-841c-cb4fe80dc0a6_593x582.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QCor!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff26936b3-ce8e-4227-841c-cb4fe80dc0a6_593x582.png" width="593" height="582" 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Franco-German couple is a real thing, when it&#8217;s never existed outside their fevered Parisian imaginations.</p><p>Across the Rhine, you will never hear the phrase &#8220;Franco-German couple.&#8221; Ever.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.eclaireur.eu/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;S'abonner&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;fr&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">L'&#201;CLAIREUR is a reader-supported publication. 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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Richard B. Spence: "Democracy is a theather; elections are a performance".]]></title><description><![CDATA[Is Jeffrey Epstein the new Sidney Reilly&#8212; the adventurer lionized by the British as the &#8220;Ace of Spies&#8221; while most probably doubling as a Soviet spy after WWI?]]></description><link>https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/richard-b-spence-democracy-is-a-theather</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.eclaireur.eu/p/richard-b-spence-democracy-is-a-theather</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Pascal Clérotte]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 17 Feb 2026 15:46:05 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/188256550/868f7aac1361b13589fabc60e7b3ee77.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KJ0B!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F059417d2-3ca3-4fc7-b931-3df0307dfc62_1881x1241.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KJ0B!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F059417d2-3ca3-4fc7-b931-3df0307dfc62_1881x1241.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KJ0B!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F059417d2-3ca3-4fc7-b931-3df0307dfc62_1881x1241.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KJ0B!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F059417d2-3ca3-4fc7-b931-3df0307dfc62_1881x1241.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KJ0B!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F059417d2-3ca3-4fc7-b931-3df0307dfc62_1881x1241.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KJ0B!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F059417d2-3ca3-4fc7-b931-3df0307dfc62_1881x1241.png" width="1456" height="961" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/059417d2-3ca3-4fc7-b931-3df0307dfc62_1881x1241.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:961,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:994473,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.eclaireur.eu/i/188256550?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F059417d2-3ca3-4fc7-b931-3df0307dfc62_1881x1241.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KJ0B!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F059417d2-3ca3-4fc7-b931-3df0307dfc62_1881x1241.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KJ0B!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F059417d2-3ca3-4fc7-b931-3df0307dfc62_1881x1241.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KJ0B!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F059417d2-3ca3-4fc7-b931-3df0307dfc62_1881x1241.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KJ0B!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F059417d2-3ca3-4fc7-b931-3df0307dfc62_1881x1241.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Is Jeffrey Epstein the new <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Reilly">Sidney Reilly</a>&#8212; the adventurer lionized by the British as the &#8220;<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kvhzLDw4s98&amp;list=PLEJFMkAUM0YRf3wuAHUJoCQa2wtPrCQBa">Ace of Spies</a>&#8221; while most probably doubling as a Soviet spy  after WWI?</p><p>A secret is what someone, somewhere, has decided we must never know.</p><p>A conspiracy is two or more people secretly aligning to impose their will on events.</p><p>Aleister Crowley&#8212;the ace of occultists&#8212;defined magick<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a> as &#8220;the Science and Art of causing Change to occur in conformity with Will.&#8221; In plainer terms: apply the right force, through the right channel, to the right target, and reality bends. Sound familiar? That&#8217;s politics and the exercice of power distilled to its essence. </p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.eclaireur.eu/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;S'abonner&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;fr&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">L'&#201;CLAIREUR is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support our work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Tapez votre e-mail&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="S'abonner"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>It&#8217;s precisely what Edward Bernays, the pioneering public relations strategist, engineered when he weaponized cognitive psychology in the 1910s&#8212;calling it &#8220;propaganda&#8221; when states do it and &#8220;public relations&#8221; when corporations foot the bill.</p><p>Are secret societies little more than casting agencies, hand-picking who gets near real power while elections serve as elaborate stage-managed rituals to rubber-stamp the pre-chosen?</p><p>No, we&#8217;re not tumbling headlong into tinfoil-hat territory. If secret societies exist, they fulfill a concrete social function. Dismissing them outright is intellectual laziness.</p><p>Let&#8217;s jump into the rabbit hole with Richard B. Spence.</p><p>Richard B. Spence is professor emeritus of history at the University of Idaho, a leading authority on Russian history, secret societies, and espionage. He co-hosts the podcast <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@StrangeAsItSeemsPodcast">Strange As It Seems</a> with Stephen Austin and has authored several penetrating works, including <em><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Trust-No-One-Secret-Sidney/dp/0922915792">Trust No One</a></em><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Trust-No-One-Secret-Sidney/dp/0922915792">: </a><em><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Trust-No-One-Secret-Sidney/dp/0922915792">The Secret World of Sidney Reilly</a></em> (Feral House, 2002) and <em>Secret <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Secret-Agent-666-Aleister-Intelligence/dp/1932595333">Agent 666: Aleister Crowley, British Intelligence and the Occult</a> </em>(Feral House, 2008).</p><p>Spence exposes how mythologized figures like Reilly&#8212;celebrated as Britain&#8217;s greatest spy&#8212;may have played far murkier, multi-sided games. The parallel to Epstein is uncomfortable but unavoidable: a man embedded in elite circles, alegedly wielding blackmail material, moving effortlessly across borders and ideologies, all while the public sees only the carefully curated surface. If Reilly could be eulogized as a hero while potentially serving opposing masters, why should we accept the official line on Epstein&#8212;or any of the other ghosts haunting today&#8217;s power structures?</p><p></p><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="#footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>He deliberately spelled it with a &#8220;k&#8221; to distinguish it from stage illusions or entertainment magic.</p><p></p></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>